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138: Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Pneumococcal) Infections
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Published:January 2023
"Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Pneumococcal) Infections", Red Book Atlas of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Tina Q. Tan, MD, FAAP
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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common bacterial cause of acute otitis media, sinusitis, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and pediatric conjunctivitis; pleural empyema, mastoiditis, and periorbital cellulitis occur. It is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in infants and children aged 2 months to 11 years in the United States. S pneumoniae may also cause endocarditis, pericarditis, peritonitis, pyogenic arthritis, osteomyelitis, soft tissue infection, and neonatal septicemia. Overwhelming septicemia in patients with splenic dysfunction is noted, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome can accompany pneumococcal infection.
S pneumoniae organisms (pneumococci) are lancet-shaped gram-positive, catalase-negative diplococci. More than 90 pneumococcal serotypes have been identified on the...