Enterovirus and Evolving Infections (Chapter 248)
Dennis Cunningham, MD, Chokechai Rongkavilit, MD, Kanagasabai Udhayashankar, MD, MPH, Michelle Niescierenko, MD, 2016. "Enterovirus and Evolving Infections (Chapter 248)", American Academy of Pediatrics Textbook of Pediatric Care, Thomas K. McInerny, MD, FAAP, Henry M. Adam, MD, FAAP, Deborah E. Campbell, MD, FAAP, Thomas G. DeWitt, MD, FAAP, Jane Meschan Foy, MD, FAAP, Deepak M. Kamat, MD, PhD, FAAP, Rebecca Baum, MD, FAAP, Kelly J. Kelleher, MD, MPH, FAAP
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Enteroviruses are members of the Picornaviridae family along with parechoviruses, and share a genus with rhinoviruses, coxsackieviruses, and polioviruses. All members of the genus Enterovirus have single-stranded RNA. Enteroviruses infect mammals. There are more than 110 subtypes of enteroviruses that can infect humans. A newer, more practical classification divides Enterovirus into 4 subtypes1:
Enterovirus serotypes causing more severe disease include polioviruses (EV C), enterovirus 71 (EV A), and enterovirus 68 (EV D).
In the United States, enteroviruses typically cause outbreaks in the late summer and early fall, but disease may occur at lower levels year round. In the...