In this issue of Pediatrics, Rosen et al1 quantify the increased treatment coverage for children with HIV and the corresponding decreased mortality rates using data obtained from 91 different countries over an 11-year period before and after the adoption of the “Treat All” approach. The policy shift to a Treat All approach occurred in 2015, making all patients eligible for antiretroviral therapy (ART) once they were diagnosed with HIV without the need for CD4 T-lymphocyte–based clinical staging.
At the International AIDS Conference held in South Africa in 2000, an 11-year-old boy stood before a packed auditorium, disclosed his diagnosis of AIDS, and challenged governments to start providing therapy to pregnant women with HIV to prevent the transmission of the virus to their infants.2 Since that time, we have made significant progress in the reduction of new pediatric infections in many high-burden areas such as Botswana. In 2021,...
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