Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Meaghann S. Weaver, MD, PhD, MPH, FAAP; Arwa Nasir, MBBS, MSc, MPH, FAAP; Blyth T. Lord, EdM; Amy Starin, PhD, LCSW; Jennifer S. Linebarger, MD, MPH, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH; Arwa Abdulhaq Nasir, MBBS, MSc, MPH, FAAP; Evelyn Berger-Jenkins, MD, FAAP; Beth Ellen Davis, MD, MPH, FAAP; Paul H. Dworkin, MD, FAAP; Tiffani Jenae Johnson, MD, FAAP; Irene P. Mathieu, MD, FAAP; Natasha Kapoor Sriraman, MD, MPH, FABM, FAAP; Kathleen Hobson Davis; Anne Debattista; Heather Fraser; Abigail Boden Schlesinger, MD; Zoe H. Warczak, MD; Robyn Wheatley, MPH; Tamar Magarik Haro; Omonigho Ufomata; SECTION ON HOSPICE AND PALLIATIVE MEDICINE; Jeffrey C. Klick, MD, FAAP; Renee Denise Boss, MD, FAAP; Christopher Alexander Collura, MD, FAAP; Khaliah Johnson, MD, FAAP; Elissa Miller, MD, FAAP; Conrad S.P. Williams, MD, FAAP; Jennifer Suzanne Linebarger, MD, MPH, FAAP; Lisa Michelle Humphrey, MD, FAAP; Tolúwalàsé Ajayi, MD, FAAP; Anna Laughman, MD; Blyth Lord; Alexandra Kuznetsov; Tamar Magarik Haro

Maria Oliva-Hemker, MD, FAAP; Stacy A. Kahn, MD, FAAP; William J. Steinbach, MD, FAAP; SECTION ON GASTROENTEROLOY, HEPATOLOGY, AND NUTRITION; Mitchell B. Cohen, MD, FAAP; David Brumbaugh, MD, FAAP; Conrad Cole, MD, FAAP; Jennifer L. Dotson, MD, FAAP; Sanjiv Harpavat, MD, PhD, FAAP; Jenifer R. Lightdale, MD, FAAP; Daniel Mallon, MD, FAAP; Maria M. Oliva-Hemker, MD, FAAP; Debra L. Burrowes, MHA; COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES; Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, FAAP; Sean T. O’Leary, MD, MPH, FAAP; Monica I. Ardura, DO, MSCS, FAAP; Ritu Banerjee, MD, PhD, FAAP; Kristina A. Bryant, MD, FAAP; James D. Campbell, MD, MS, FAAP; Mary T. Caserta, MD, FAAP; Chandy C. John, MD, MS, FAAP; Jeffrey S. Gerber, MD, PhD, FAAP; Athena P. Kourtis, MD, PhD, MPH, FAAP; Adam J. Ratner, MD, MPH, FAAP; José R. Romero, MD, FAAP; Samir S. Shah, MD, MSCE, FAAP; Kenneth M. Zangwill, MD, FAAP; William J. Steinbach, MD, FAAP; David W. Kimberlin, MD, FAAP; Elizabeth D. Barnett, MD, FAAP; Ruth Lynfield, MD, FAAP; Mark H. Sawyer, MD, FAAP; Henry H. Bernstein, DO, MHCM, FAAP; Amanda C. Cohn, MD, FAAP; Karen M. Farizo, MD; Lisa M. Kafer, MD, FAAP; David Kim, MD; Eduardo López Medina, MD, MSc; Denee Moore, MD, FAAFP; Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, MD, MPH, FAAP; Laura Sauvé, MD, FCPS; Neil S. Silverman, MD; Jeffrey R. Starke, MD, FAAP; Kay M. Tomashek, MD, MPH, DTM; Jennifer M. Frantz, MPH

P. Gail Williams, MD, FAAP; Michael Yogman, MD, FAAP; COUNCIL ON EARLY CHILDHOOD; Jill Sells, MD, FAAP; Sherri Alderman, MD, FAAP; Nerissa Bauer, MD, FAAP; Andrew Hashikawa, MD, FAAP; James Guevara, MD, FAAP; Dipesh Navsaria, MPH, MSLIS, MD, FAAP; Bergen Nelson, MD, FAAP; Georgina Peacock, MD, FAAP; Amy Shriver, MD, FAAP; Jennifer Takagishi, MD, FAAP; Douglas Vanderbilt, MD, FAAP; Katiana Garagozlo, MD; Ami Gadhia; Dina Lieser, MD, FAAP; Lucy Recio; Florence Rivera, MPH, CAE; COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH; Arthur Lavin, MD, FAAP; George LaMonte Askew, MD, FAAP; Nerissa S. Bauer, MD, MPH; Evelyn Berger-Jenkins, MD, FAAP; Thresia B. Gambon, MD, MBA, MPH, FAAP; Tiffani Jenae Johnson, MD, FAAP; Douglas P. Jutte, MD, MPH, FAAP; Arwa Abdulhaq Nasir, MBBS, MSc, MPH, FAAP; Rachel Shana Segal, MD, FAAP; Lawrence S. Wissow, MD, MPH, FAAP; Rebecca A. Baum, MD; Sharon Berry, PhD, LP; Edward R. Christophersen, PhD, FAAP; Kathleen Hobson Davis; Norah L. Johnson, PhD, RN, CPNP-BC; Abigail Boden Schlesinger, MD; Amy Starin, PhD, LCSW; Carolyn McCarty, PhD; Robyn Wheatley, MPH

Sophie J. Balk, MD, FAAP; Risa E. Bochner, MD, FAAP; Mahindra A. Ramdhanie, AuD, FAAA, CCC-A; Brian K. Reilly, MD, FAAP, FACS; COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE; Aparna Bole, MD, FAAP; Sophie J. Balk, MD, FAAP; Lori G. Byron, MD, FAAP; Gredia Maria Huerta-Montañez, MD, FAAP; Steven M. Marcus, MD, FAAP; Abby L. Nerlinger, MD, FAAP; Nicholas C. Newman, DO, FAAP; Lisa H. Patel, MD, FAAP; Rebecca Philipsborn, MD, FAAP; Alan D. Woolf, MD, MPH, FAAP; Lauren Zajac, MD, MHP, FAAP; Aaron Bernstein, MD, MPH, FAAP; Philip J. Landrigan, MD, FAAP; Jeanne Briskin; Nathaniel G. DeNicola, MD, MSc; Kimberly A. Gray, PhD; Matt Karwowski, MD, MPH, FAAP; Mary H. Ward, PhD; Paul Spire; SECTION ON OTOLARYNGOLOGY–HEAD AND NECK SURGERY; Steven E. Sobol, MD, FAAP; Kristina W. Rosbe, MD, FAAP; Cristina Marie Baldassari, MD, FAAP; G. Paul DiGoy, MD, FAAP; Kris R. Jatana, MD, FAAP; Anna Katrine Meyer, MD, FAAP; Peggy Elaine Kelley, MD, FAAP; Eileen Margolies Raynor, MD, FAAP; Brian Kip Reilly, MD, FAAP; Jeffrey Philip Simons, MD, FAAP; Vivian B. Thorne

Sophie J. Balk, MD, FAAP; Risa E. Bochner, MD, FAAP; Mahindra A. Ramdhanie, AuD, FAAA, CCC-A; Brian K. Reilly, MD, FAAP, FACS; COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE; Aparna Bole, MD, FAAP; Sophie J. Balk, MD, FAAP; Lori G. Byron, MD, FAAP; Gredia Maria Huerta-Montañez, MD, FAAP; Steven M. Marcus, MD, FAAP; Abby L. Nerlinger, MD, FAAP; Nicholas C. Newman, DO, FAAP; Lisa H. Patel, MD, FAAP; Rebecca Philipsborn, MD, FAAP; Alan D. Woolf, MD, MPH, FAAP; Lauren Zajac, MD, MHP, FAAP; Aaron Bernstein, MD, MPH, FAAP; Philip J. Landrigan, MD, FAAP; Jeanne Briskin; Nathaniel G. DeNicola, MD, MSc; Kimberly A. Gray, PhD; Matt Karwowski, MD, MPH, FAAP; Mary H. Ward, PhD; Paul Spire; SECTION ON OTOLARYNGOLOGY–HEAD AND NECK SURGERY; Steven E. Sobol, MD, FAAP; Kristina W. Rosbe, MD, FAAP; Cristina Marie Baldassari, MD, FAAP; G. Paul DiGoy, MD, FAAP; Kris R. Jatana, MD, FAAP; Anna Katrine Meyer, MD, FAAP; Peggy Elaine Kelley, MD, FAAP; Eileen Margolies Raynor, MD, FAAP; Brian Kip Reilly, MD, FAAP; Jeffrey Philip Simons, MD, FAAP; Vivian B. Thorne

Jennifer D. Kusma, MD, MS, FAAP; Jean L. Raphael, MD, MPH, FAAP; James M. Perrin, MD, FAAP; Mark L. Hudak, MD, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON CHILD HEALTH FINANCING; James M. Perrin, MD, FAAP; Lisa Chamberlain, MD, MPH, FAAP; Jennifer D. Kusma, MD, MS, FAAP; William Bernard Moskowitz, MD, FAAP; Alison Amidei Galbraith, MD, FAAP; Jean L. Raphael, MD, MPH, FAAP; Renee M. Turchi, MD, MPH, FAAP; Angelo P. Giardino, MD, FAAP; Mike Chen, MD, FAAP; Todd Wolynn, MD, MMM, FAAP; Hope Glassberg; Elizabeth Patchias; Sunnah Kim; Stephanie Glier; Dan Walter; Todd Fraley; Nicholas Wallace

George J. Fuchs, III, MD, FAAP; Steven A. Abrams, MD, FAAP; A. Adjowa Amevor, MD, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION; Mark R. Corkins, MD, FAAP; Cynthia L. Blanco, MD, FAAP; George J. Fuchs, III, MD, FAAP; Praveen S. Goday, MD, FAAP; Tamara S. Hannon, MD, FAAP; C. Wesley Lindsey, MD, FAAP; Ellen S. Rome, MD, MPH, FAAP; Andrew Bremer, MD, PhD, FAAP; Andrea Lotze, MD, FAAP; Cria Perrine, PhD; Ana Sant’Anna, MD; Cheryl Funanich, MEd, RD, LD; Debra L. Burrowes, MHA

Sara Taub, MD, FAAP; Robert Macauley, MD, MDiv, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON BIOETHICS; Robert Macauley, MD, MDiv, FAAP; Ratna Basak, MD, FAAP; Gina Marie Geis, MD, FAAP; Naomi Tricot Laventhal, MD, FAAP; Douglas J. Opel, MD, MPH, FAAP; Mindy B. Statter, MD, FAAP; Mary Lynn Dell, MD, DMin; Douglas S. Diekema, MD, MPH, FAAP; David Shalowitz, MD; Nanette Elster, JD, MPH; Florence Rivera, MPH; Anjie Emanuel, MPH

Anna Neyman, MD, FAAP; Tamara S. Hannon, MD, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION; Mark R. Corkins, MD, FAAP; Cynthia L. Blanco, MD, FAAP; George J. Fuchs, III, MD, FAAP; Praveen S. Goday, MD, FAAP; Tamara S. Hannon, MD, FAAP; C. Wesley Lindsey, MD, FAAP; Ellen S. Rome, MD, MPH, FAAP; Andrew Bremer, MD, PhD, FAAP; Andrea Lotze, MD, FAAP; Cria Perrine, PhD; Ana Sant’Anna, MD; Cheryl Funanich, MEd, RD, LD; Debra L. Burrowes, MHA

COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES; Sean T. O’Leary, MD, MPH, FAAP; James D. Campbell, MD, MS, FAAP; Monica I. Ardura, DO, MSCS, FAAP; Ritu Banerjee, MD, PhD, FAAP; Kristina A. Bryant, MD, FAAP; Mary T. Caserta, MD, FAAP; Robert W. Frenck, Jr, MD, FAAP; Jeffrey S. Gerber, MD, PhD, FAAP; Chandy C. John, MD, MS, FAAP; Athena P. Kourtis, MD, PhD, MPH, FAAP; Angela Myers, MD, MPH, FAAP; Pia Pannaraj, MD, MPH, FAAP; Adam J. Ratner, MD, MPH, FAAP; Samir S. Shah, MD, MSCE, FAAP; Kristina A. Bryant, MD, FAAP; Annika M. Hofstetter, MD, PhD, MPH, FAAP; Juan D. Chaparro, MD, MS, FAAP; Jeremy J. Michel, MD, MHS, FAAP; David W. Kimberlin, MD, FAAP; Elizabeth D. Barnett, MD, FAAP; Ruth Lynfield, MD, FAAP; Mark H. Sawyer, MD, FAAP; Henry H. Bernstein, DO, MHCM, FAAP; Cristina V. Cardemil, MD, MPH, FAAP; Karen M. Farizo, MD; Lisa M. Kafer, MD, FAAP; David Kim, MD, MA; Eduardo López Medina, MD, MSc; Denee Moore, MD, FAAFP; Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, MD, MPH; José R. Romero, MD, FAAP; Laura Sauvé, MD, MPH, FAAP, FRCPS; Jeffrey R. Starke, MD, FAAP; Jennifer Thompson, MD; Melinda Wharton, MD, MPH; Charles R. Woods, Jr, MD, MS, FAAP; Jennifer M. Frantz, MPH; Gillian Gibbs, MPH

COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES; Sean T. O’Leary, MD, MPH, FAAP; James D. Campbell, MD, MS, FAAP; Monica I. Ardura, DO, MSCS, FAAP; Ritu Banerjee, MD, PhD, FAAP; Kristina A. Bryant, MD, FAAP; Mary T. Caserta, MD, FAAP; Robert W. Frenck, Jr, MD, FAAP; Jeffrey S. Gerber, MD, PhD, FAAP; Chandy C. John, MD, MS, FAAP; Athena P. Kourtis, MD, PhD, MPH, FAAP; Angela Myers, MD, MPH, FAAP; Pia Pannaraj, MD, MPH, FAAP; Adam J. Ratner, MD, MPH, FAAP; Samir S. Shah, MD, MSCE, FAAP; Kristina A. Bryant, MD, FAAP; Annika M. Hofstetter, MD, PhD, MPH, FAAP; Juan D. Chaparro, MD, MS, FAAP; Jeremy J. Michel, MD, MHS, FAAP; David W. Kimberlin, MD, FAAP; Elizabeth D. Barnett, MD, FAAP; Ruth Lynfield, MD, FAAP; Mark H. Sawyer, MD, FAAP; Henry H. Bernstein, DO, MHCM, FAAP; Cristina V. Cardemil, MD, MPH, FAAP; Karen M. Farizo, MD; Lisa M. Kafer, MD, FAAP; David Kim, MD, MA; Eduardo López Medina, MD, MSc; Denee Moore, MD, FAAFP; Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, MD, MPH; José R. Romero, MD, FAAP; Laura Sauvé, MD, MPH, FAAP, FRCPS; Jeffrey R. Starke, MD, FAAP; Jennifer Thompson, MD; Melinda Wharton, MD, MPH; Charles R. Woods, Jr, MD, MS, FAAP; Jennifer M. Frantz, MPH; Gillian Gibbs, MPH

Alison A. Galbraith, MD, MPH, FAAP; Jonathan Price, MD, FAAP; Claire Abraham, MD, FAAP; Angelo P. Giardino, MD, MPH, PhD, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON CHILD HEALTH FINANCING; James M. Perrin, MD, FAAP; Jonathan Price, MD, FAAP; Lisa Chamberlain, MD, MPH, FAAP; Mike Chen, MD, FAAP; Sandy L. Chung, MD, FAAP, FACHE; Alison A. Galbraith, MD, MPH, FAAP; Angelo P. Giardino, MD, MPH, PhD, FAAP; Kimberly A. Heggen, MD, FAAP; Jennifer Kusma, MD, FAAP; William Moskowitz, MD, FAAP; Stephen A. Pearlman, MD, MSHQS, FAAP; Jean L. Raphael, MD, FAAP; Renee Turchi, MD, MPH, FAAP; Teresa Salaway, MHA

Charles Bower, MD, FAAP; Brian Kip Reilly, MD, FAAP; Julia Richerson, MD, FAAP; Julia L. Hecht, MD, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE & AMBULATORY MEDICINE; Jesse M. Hackell, MD, FAAP; Yvette Marie Almendarez, MD, FAAP; Abeba Mebrahtu Berhane, MD, FAAP; Patricia E. Cantrell, MD, FAAP; Lisa Michele Kafer, MD, FAAP; Tomitra Latimer, MD, FAAP; Robin Warner, MD, FAAP; Robert H. Wiskind, MD, FAAP; Katherine Schafer, DO, FAAP; Alisa Skatrud; Julia Richerson, MD, FAAP; Joseph Jean-Pierre Abularrage, MD, MPH, M Phil, FAAP; Alexy Darlyn Arauz Boudreau, MD, FAAP; Elisha Ferguson; Mackenzie Magnus, MBA, MPH; SECTION ON OTOLARYNGOLOGY–HEAD AND NECK SURGERY; Steven E. Sobol, MD, FAAP; Kris R. Jatana, MD, FAAP; Peggy Kelley, MD, FAAP; Anna Katrine Meyer, MD, FAAP; Eileen Raynor, MD, FAAP; Brian Kip Reilly, MD, FAAP; Kristina W. Rosbe, MD, FAAP; Jeffrey Simon, MD, FAAP; Vivian B. Thorne; Alexander Fiks, MD, FAAP; Stephen (Andy) Spooner, MD, FAAP

Mandy A. Allison, MD, MSPH, MEd, FAAP; Nathaniel Beers, MD, MPA, FAAP; Jaime W. Peterson, MD, MPH, FAAP; COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH; Sonja C. O’Leary, MD, FAAP; Sara Bode, MD, FAAP; Marti Baum, MD, FAAP; Katherine A. Connor, MD, MSPH, FAAP; Emily Frank, MD, FAAP; Erica Gibson, MD, FAAP; Marian Larkin, MD, FAAP; Tracie Newman, MD, MPH, FAAP; Yuri Okuizumi-Wu, MD, FAAP; Ryan Padrez, MD, FAAP; Heidi Schumacher, MD, FAAP; Anna Goddard, PhD, APRN, CPNP-PC; Kate King, DNP, RN, MSN; Erika Ryst, MD; Carolyn McCarty, PhD

Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MS, MBA, FAAP, FACEP; Susan Duffy, MD, MPH, FAAP; Dina Wallin, MD; Jennifer A. Hoffmann, MD, FAAP; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Jennifer Schieferle Uhlenbrock, DNP, MBA, RN, TCRN; Kathleen Brown, MD, FAAP; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS, FAAP, FACEP, CHSE-A; Sally Snow, BSN, RN, CPEN, FAEN; Madeline Andrew, MD; Alice A. Kuo, MD, PhD, MBA, FAAP; Carmen Sulton, MD, FAAP; Thomas Chun, MD, MPH, FAAP; Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP, FACEP; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; Gregory P. Conners, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP, FACEP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP, FACEP; Elizabeth Mack, MD, MS, FAAP; Jennifer Marin, MD, MSc, FAAP; Suzan Mazor, MD, FAAP; Ronald Paul, MD, FAAP; Nathan Timm, MD, FAAP; Mark Cicero, MD, FAAP; Ann Dietrich, MD, FACEP; Andrew Eisenberg, MD, MHA; Mary Fallat, MD, FAAP; Sue Tellez; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee; Ann M. Dietrich, MD; Kiyetta H. Alade, MD; Christopher S. Amato, MD; Zaza Atanelov, MD; Marc Auerbach, MD; Isabel A. Barata, MD, FACEP; Lee S. Benjamin, MD, FACEP; Kathleen T. Berg, MD; Cindy Chang, MD; Jessica Chow, MD; Corrie E. Chumpitazi, MD, MS, FACEP; Ilene A. Claudius, MD, FACEP; Joshua Easter, MD; Ashley Foster, MD; Sean M. Fox, MD, FACEP; Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD, FACEP; Michael J. Gerardi, MD, FACEP; Jeffrey M. Goodloe, MD, FACEP; Melanie Heniff, MD, JD, FAAP, FACEP; James (Jim) L. Homme, MD, FACEP; Paul T. Ishimine, MD, FACEP; Susan D. John, MD; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FACEP; Samuel Hiu-Fung Lam, MD, MPH, RDMS, FACEP; Simone L. Lawson, MD; Moon O. Lee, MD, FACEP; Joyce Li, MD; Sophia D. Lin, MD; Dyllon Ivy Martini, MD; Larry Bruce Mellick, MD, FACEP; Donna Mendez, MD; Emory M. Petrack, MD, FACEP; Lauren Rice, MD; Emily A. Rose, MD, FACEP; Timothy Ruttan, MD, FACEP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MBA, FACEP; Genevieve Santillanes, MD, FACEP; Joelle N. Simpson, MD, MPH, FACEP; Shyam M. Sivasankar, MD; Daniel Slubowski, MD; Annalise Sorrentino, MD, FACEP; Michael J. Stoner, MD, FACEP; Carmen D. Sulton, MD, FACEP; Jonathan H. Valente, MD, FACEP; Samreen Vora, MD, FACEP; Jessica J. Wall, MD; Dina Wallin, MD, FACEP; Theresa A. Walls, MD, MPH; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS; Dale P. Woolridge, MD, PhD, FACEP; Sam Shahid, MBBS, MPH; EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION Pediatric Committee; Roberta Miller, RN, CPEN, TCRN; Elyssa Wood, PhD, MPH, RN, FAEN; Tasha Lowery, RN, APRN, CEN, CPEN, ENP-C, FNP-C; Julie Cohen, MSN, RN, CPEN, CEN; Rebecca VanStanton, MSN, RN, CEN, CPEN, TCRN; Lisa Hill, DNP, RN, TCRN; Elizabeth Stone, PhD, RN, CPEN, CHSE, FAEN; Domenique Johnson, MSN, RN

Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MS, MBA, FAAP, FACEP; Susan Duffy, MD, MPH, FAAP; Dina Wallin, MD; Jennifer A. Hoffmann, MD, FAAP; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Jennifer Schieferle Uhlenbrock, DNP, MBA, RN, TCRN; Kathleen Brown, MD, FAAP; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS, FAAP, FACEP, CHSE-A; Sally Snow, BSN, RN, CPEN, FAEN; Madeline Andrew, MD; Alice A. Kuo, MD, PhD, MBA, FAAP; Carmen Sulton, MD, FAAP; Thomas Chun, MD, MPH, FAAP; Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP, FACEP; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; Gregory P. Conners, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP, FACEP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP, FACEP; Elizabeth Mack, MD, MS, FAAP; Jennifer Marin, MD, MSc, FAAP; Suzan Mazor, MD, FAAP; Ronald Paul, MD, FAAP; Nathan Timm, MD, FAAP; Mark Cicero, MD, FAAP; Ann Dietrich, MD, FACEP; Andrew Eisenberg, MD, MHA; Mary Fallat, MD, FAAP; Sue Tellez; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee; Ann M. Dietrich, MD; Kiyetta H. Alade, MD; Christopher S. Amato, MD; Zaza Atanelov, MD; Marc Auerbach, MD; Isabel A. Barata, MD, FACEP; Lee S. Benjamin, MD, FACEP; Kathleen T. Berg, MD; Kathleen Brown, MD, FACEP; Cindy Chang, MD; Jessica Chow, MD; Corrie E. Chumpitazi, MD, MS, FACEP; Ilene A. Claudius, MD, FACEP; Joshua Easter, MD; Ashley Foster, MD; Sean M. Fox, MD, FACEP; Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD, FACEP; Michael J. Gerardi, MD, FACEP; Jeffrey M. Goodloe, MD, FACEP; Melanie Heniff, MD, JD, FAAP, FACEP; James (Jim) L. Homme, MD, FACEP; Paul T. Ishimine, MD, FACEP; Susan D. John, MD; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FACEP; Samuel Hiu-Fung Lam, MD, MPH, RDMS, FACEP; Simone L. Lawson, MD; Moon O. Lee, MD, FACEP; Joyce Li, MD; Sophia D. Lin, MD; Dyllon Ivy Martini, MD; Larry Bruce Mellick, MD, FACEP; Donna Mendez, MD; Emory M. Petrack, MD, FACEP; Lauren Rice, MD; Emily A. Rose, MD, FACEP; Timothy Ruttan, MD, FACEP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MBA, FACEP; Genevieve Santillanes, MD, FACEP; Joelle N. Simpson, MD, MPH, FACEP; Shyam M. Sivasankar, MD; Daniel Slubowski, MD; Annalise Sorrentino, MD, FACEP; Michael J. Stoner, MD, FACEP; Carmen D. Sulton, MD, FACEP; Jonathan H. Valente, MD, FACEP; Samreen Vora, MD, FACEP; Jessica J. Wall, MD; Dina Wallin, MD, FACEP; Theresa A. Walls, MD, MPH; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS; Dale P. Woolridge, MD, PhD, FACEP; Sam Shahid, MBBS, MPH; EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION Pediatric Committee; Roberta Miller, RN, CPEN, TCRN; Elyssa Wood, PhD, MPH, RN, FAEN; Tasha Lowery, RN, APRN, CEN, CPEN, ENP-C, FNP-C; Julie Cohen, MSN, RN, CPEN, CEN; Rebecca VanStanton, MSN, RN, CEN, CPEN, TCRN; Lisa Hill, DNP, RN, TCRN; Elizabeth Stone, PhD, RN, CPEN, CHSE, FAEN; Domenique Johnson, MSN, RN

Benson Hsu, MD, MBA, FAAP, FCCM; Alexander Bondoc, MD, FAAP; Alex G. Cuenca, MD, PhD; Kristin Hittle Gigli, PhD, RN, CPNP-AC; Naomi Laventhal, MD, MA, HEC-C, FAAP; Thomas Nakagawa, MD, FAAP, FCCM; COMMITTEE ON HOSPITAL CARE; Daniel Rauch, MD, FAAP; Tania Fontánez Nieves, MD, FAAP; Samantha House, DO, FAAP; Charles Vinocur, MD, FAAP; Nicole Webb, MD, FAAP; Benson Hsu, MD, MBA, FAAP; Melissa Mauro-Small, MD, FAAP; Karen Castleberry; Quinn Franklin, PhD, CCLS; Michael Leonard, MD, FAAP; Kristin Hittle Gigli, PhD, RN, CPNP-AC, CCRN; Nancy Hanson; S. Niccole Alexander, MPP; SECTION ON CRITICAL CARE; Benson Hsu, MD, MBA, FAAP, FCCM; Nicholas Ettinger, MD, PhD, CMQ, CPPS, FAAP, FCCM; Steven Loscalzo, MD, FAAP; Lia Lowrie, MD, FAAP; Elizbeth Mack, MD, MS, FAAP, FCCM; Margaret Satchell, MD, FAAP; Linda Siegel, MD, FAAP, FAAHPM; Vijay Srinivasan, MBBS, MD, FAAP; Benson Hsu, MD, MBA, FAAP, FCCM; Elizabeth Mack, MD, MS, FAAP, FCCM; Shilpa Balikai, DO, FAAP; Steven Loscalzo, MD, FAAP; Melanie Kitagawa, MD, MHA, FAAP; Vijay Srinivasan, MBBS, MD, FAAP; Samir Gadepalli, MS, MD, MBA, FAAP; Tessie October, MD, MPH, FAAP; Robert Francis Tamburro, Jr, MD, FAAP; Michael Agus, MD, FAAP; Mark Hall, MD, FCCM; Nicholas Ettinger, MD, PhD, CMQ, CPPS, FAAP, FCCM; Sue Tellez; SECTION ON SURGERY; Cynthia D. Downard, MD, FAAP; Kenneth William Gow, MD, FAAP; Elizabeth Beierle, MD, FAAP; Marybeth Browne, MD, FAAP; Barbara Gaines, MD, FAAP; Saleem Islam, MD, MPH, FAAP; Katherine Flynn-O’Brien, MD, FAAP; Danielle Walsh, MD, FAAP; Regan Frances Williams, MD, FAAP; Vivian Thorne; COMMITTEE ON BIOETHICS; Naomi Tricot Laventhal, MD, FAAP; Gina Marie Geis, MD, MS, FAAP; Deborah Loeff, MD, FAAP; Kelly N. Michelson, MD, MPH, FAAP; Mary A. Ott, MD, MA, FAAP; Nanette Elster, JD, MPH; Douglas S. Diekema, MD, MPH, FAAP; Maria McGee, MD, MPH; Kavita Arora, MD, MBE, MS; Anjie Emanuel, MPH

Faraz A. Khan, MD, FAAP; Tim Jancelewicz, MD, FAAP; Kathleen Kieran, MD, FAAP; Saleem Islam, MD, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN; Eric Eichenwald, MD; Charleta Guillory, MD; Ivan Hand, MD; Mark Hudak, MD; David Kaufman, MD; Camilia Martin, MD; Ashley Lucke, MD; Margaret Parker, MD; Arun Pramanik, MD; Kelly Wade, MD; Michael Narvey, MD; Russell Miller, MD; Wanda Barfield, MD, MPH; Lisa Grisham, APRN, NNP-BC; Jim Couto, MA; SECTION ON SURGERY; Kenneth William Gow, MD, FAAP; Elizabeth Beierle, MD, FAAP; Marybeth Browne, MD, FAAP; Andrew Davidoff, MD, FAAP; Cynthia D. Downard, MD, FAAP; Danielle Saunders Walsh, MD, FAAP; Regan Frances Williams, MD, FAAP; Vivian Thorne; SECTION ON UROLOGY; Nicholas Cost, MD, FAAP; Stephen Canon, MD, FAAP; Gregory Dean, MD, FAAP; Martin Kaefer, MD, FAAP; Andrew Kirsch, MD, FAAP; John C. Pope, MD, FAAP; Elizabeth Yerkes, MD, FAAP; Jen Gorlewski

Mary T. Caserta, MD, FAAP; Sean T. O’Leary, MD, MPH, FAAP; Flor M. Munoz, MD, MSc, FAAP; Shawn L. Ralston, MD, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES; Sean T. O’Leary, MD, MPH, FAAP; James D. Campbell, MD, MS, FAAP; Monica I. Ardura, DO, MSCS, FAAP; Ritu Banerjee, MD, PhD, FAAP; Kristina A. Bryant, MD, FAAP; Mary T. Caserta, MD, FAAP; Jeffrey S. Gerber, MD, PhD, FAAP; Chandy C. John, MD, MS, FAAP; Athena P. Kourtis, MD, PhD, MPH, FAAP; Angela Myers, MD, MPH, FAAP; Pia Pannaraj, MD, MPH, FAAP; Adam J. Ratner, MD, MPH, FAAP; José R. Romero, MD, FAAP; Samir S. Shah, MD, MSCE, FAAP; Kenneth M. Zangwill, MD, FAAP; Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, FAAP; Flor M. Munoz, MD, MSc, FAAP; Shawn L. Ralston, MD, FAAP; David W. Kimberlin, MD, FAAP; Elizabeth D. Barnett, MD, FAAP; Ruth Lynfield, MD, FAAP; Mark H. Sawyer, MD, FAAP; Henry H. Bernstein, DO, MHCM, FAAP; Karen M. Farizo, MD; Lisa M. Kafer, MD, FAAP; David Kim, MD; Eduardo López Medina, MD, MSc; Denee Moore, MD, FAAFP; Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, MD, MPH; Laura Sauvé, MD, MPH, FAAP, FRCPS; Jeffrey R. Starke, MD, FAAP; Jennifer Thompson, MD; Kay M. Tomashek, MD, MPH, DTM; Melinda Wharton, MD, MPH; Charles R. Woods, Jr., MD, MS, FAAP; Jennifer M. Frantz, MPH

Beth Ellen Davis, MD, MPH, FAAP; Mary O’Connor Leppert, MD, FAAP; Kendell German, MD, FAAP; Christoph U. Lehmann, MD, FAAP; Ira Adams-Chapman, MD, MPH, FAAP; COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES; Garey Noritz, MD, FAAP, FACP; Rishi Agrawal, MD, MPH, FAAP; Jessica E. A. Foster, MD, MPH, FAAP; Ellen Fremion, MD, FAAP, FACP; Sheryl Frierson, MD, MEd, FAAP; Michelle Melicosta, MD, MPH, FAAP; Barbara S. Saunders, DO, FAAP; Siddharth Srivastava, MD, FAAP; Christopher Stille, MD, MPH, FAAP; Jilda Vargus-Adams, MD, MSc, FAAP; Katharine Zuckerman, MD, MPH, FAAP; Dennis Z. Kuo, MD, MHS, FAAP; Jeffrey Brosco, MD, PhD, FAAP; Jennifer Poon, MD, FAAP; Matthew Sadof, MD, FAAP; Allysa Ware, PhD, MSW; Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, MD, FAAP; Alexandra Kuznetsov; Christoph U. Lehmann, MD, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN; Eric Eichenwald, MD; Namasivayam Ambalavanan, MD; Charleta Guillory, MD; Mark Hudak, MD; David Kaufman, MD; Camilia Martin, MD; Ashley Lucke, MD; Margaret Parker, MD; Arun Pramanik, MD; Kelly Wade, MD; Timothy Jancelewicz, MD; Michael Narvey, MD; Russell Miller, MD; Wanda Barfield, MD, MPH; Lisa Grisham, APRN, NNP-BC; Jim Couto, MA