. | RR (95% CI) . | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Languishing . | High Psychological Distress . | Mental Illness Diagnosis . | Drug Use . | Binge Drinking . | Poor Self-Reported Health . | |||||||||||||
2 y . | 4 y . | 6 y . | 2 y . | 4 y . | 6 y . | 2 y . | 4 y . | 6 y . | 2 y . | 4 y . | 6 y . | 2 y . | 4 y . | 6 y . | 2 y . | 4 y . | 6 y . | |
Overall discrimination frequency | 1.19 (1.1–1.3)** | 1.14 (1.0–1.3)* | 1.13 (0.9–1.3) | 1.55 (1.2–1.9)*** | 1.74 (1.3–2.2)*** | 1.75 (1.2–2.3)*** | 1.29 (1.1–1.6)* | 1.24 (1.0–1.5)* | 1.25 (1.0–1.6) | 1.14 (1.0–1.3)* | 1.19 (1.0–1.4)* | 1.25 (1.0–1.5)* | 1.07 (0.9–1.3) | 0.98 (0.8–1.2) | 0.88 (0.6–1.2) | 1.14 (1.0–1.3) | 1.30 (1.1–1.6)** | 1.33 (1.0–1.7)* |
Racism frequency | 1.38 (1.1–1.7)** | 1.12 (0.9–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 2.00 (1.1–2.9)** | 1.62 (0.8–2.4)* | — | 0.90 (0.6–1.2) | 0.69 (0.4–1.0) | 1.44 (0.9–2.0) | 1.31 (1.1–1.6)** | 1.26 (0.9–1.6) | 1.52 (1.1–2.0)** | 1.05 (0.8–1.5) | 0.66 (0.4–1.0) | 1.02 (0.5–2.2) | 1.08 (0.8–1.3) | 1.22 (0.9–1.8) | 1.00 (0.6–1.8) |
Sexism frequency | 1.20 (1.0–1.5) | 1.01 (0.7–1.3) | 1.14 (0.8–1.5) | 2.01 (1.4–2.6)*** | 3.45 (1.4–5.4)*** | 2.66 (0.2–5.0)* | 1.24 (0.9–1.6) | 1.28 (0.8–1.7) | 1.23 (0.5–1.9) | 1.20 (0.9–1.5) | 1.00 (0.7–1.3) | 1.41 (0.9–1.9) | 1.17 (0.9–1.5) | 1.03 (0.7–1.4) | 0.93 (0.5–1.3) | 0.89 (0.6–1.2) | 0.97 (0.7–1.3) | 1.14 (0.6–1.6) |
Ageism frequency | 1.27 (1.1–1.5)** | 1.06 (0.9–1.3) | 1.40 (1.0–1.8)* | 1.48 (1.1–1.9)** | 2.10 (1.3–2.9)*** | 1.71 (0.9–2.50)* | 1.19 (0.9–1.5) | 1.15 (0.8–1.5) | 1.67 (1.0–2.4)* | 1.27 (1.0–1.5)* | 1.35 (1.1–1.6)** | 1.41 (1.0–1.8)* | 1.27 (0.9–1.6) | 0.93 (0.6–1.2) | 0.97 (0.5–1.4) | 1.10 (0.8–1.3) | 1.46 (1.0–1.9)** | 1.37 (0.9–1.9) |
Physical appearance discrimination frequency | 1.26 (1.0–1.5)** | 1.19 (1.0–1.4) | 1.16 (0.9–1.4) | 2.14 (1.3–3.0)*** | 1.86 (1.2–2.6)** | 1.44 (0.6–2.3) | 1.24 (0.9–1.5) | 1.34 (1.0–1.7)* | 1.22 (0.8–1.6) | 1.09 (0.9–1.3) | 1.20 (1.0–1.5) | 1.42 (1.0–1.9)* | 1.09 (0.8–1.3) | 0.97 (0.7–1.2) | 0.97 (0.7–1.2) | 1.27 (1.0–1.6)* | 1.33 (1.0–1.6)** | 1.57 (1.0–2.1)** |
Other discrimination frequency | 1.31 (1.1–1.5)** | 1.20 (1.0–1.4)* | 1.20 (0.9–1.5) | 1.60 (1.3–1.9)** | 1.59 (1.1–2.1)** | 2.70 (1.1–4.3)*** | 1.42 (1.0–1.8)* | 1.49 (1.0–2.0)* | 1.33 (0.7–1.9) | 1.17 (0.9–1.4) | 1.19 (0.9–1.4) | 1.37 (0.7–2.0) | 0.85 (0.5–1.2) | 0.83 (0.5–1.1) | 0.77 (0.4–1.1) | 1.07 (0.8–1.3) | 1.37 (1.0–1.7)* | 1.63 (1.0–2.2)** |
. | RR (95% CI) . | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Languishing . | High Psychological Distress . | Mental Illness Diagnosis . | Drug Use . | Binge Drinking . | Poor Self-Reported Health . | |||||||||||||
2 y . | 4 y . | 6 y . | 2 y . | 4 y . | 6 y . | 2 y . | 4 y . | 6 y . | 2 y . | 4 y . | 6 y . | 2 y . | 4 y . | 6 y . | 2 y . | 4 y . | 6 y . | |
Overall discrimination frequency | 1.19 (1.1–1.3)** | 1.14 (1.0–1.3)* | 1.13 (0.9–1.3) | 1.55 (1.2–1.9)*** | 1.74 (1.3–2.2)*** | 1.75 (1.2–2.3)*** | 1.29 (1.1–1.6)* | 1.24 (1.0–1.5)* | 1.25 (1.0–1.6) | 1.14 (1.0–1.3)* | 1.19 (1.0–1.4)* | 1.25 (1.0–1.5)* | 1.07 (0.9–1.3) | 0.98 (0.8–1.2) | 0.88 (0.6–1.2) | 1.14 (1.0–1.3) | 1.30 (1.1–1.6)** | 1.33 (1.0–1.7)* |
Racism frequency | 1.38 (1.1–1.7)** | 1.12 (0.9–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 2.00 (1.1–2.9)** | 1.62 (0.8–2.4)* | — | 0.90 (0.6–1.2) | 0.69 (0.4–1.0) | 1.44 (0.9–2.0) | 1.31 (1.1–1.6)** | 1.26 (0.9–1.6) | 1.52 (1.1–2.0)** | 1.05 (0.8–1.5) | 0.66 (0.4–1.0) | 1.02 (0.5–2.2) | 1.08 (0.8–1.3) | 1.22 (0.9–1.8) | 1.00 (0.6–1.8) |
Sexism frequency | 1.20 (1.0–1.5) | 1.01 (0.7–1.3) | 1.14 (0.8–1.5) | 2.01 (1.4–2.6)*** | 3.45 (1.4–5.4)*** | 2.66 (0.2–5.0)* | 1.24 (0.9–1.6) | 1.28 (0.8–1.7) | 1.23 (0.5–1.9) | 1.20 (0.9–1.5) | 1.00 (0.7–1.3) | 1.41 (0.9–1.9) | 1.17 (0.9–1.5) | 1.03 (0.7–1.4) | 0.93 (0.5–1.3) | 0.89 (0.6–1.2) | 0.97 (0.7–1.3) | 1.14 (0.6–1.6) |
Ageism frequency | 1.27 (1.1–1.5)** | 1.06 (0.9–1.3) | 1.40 (1.0–1.8)* | 1.48 (1.1–1.9)** | 2.10 (1.3–2.9)*** | 1.71 (0.9–2.50)* | 1.19 (0.9–1.5) | 1.15 (0.8–1.5) | 1.67 (1.0–2.4)* | 1.27 (1.0–1.5)* | 1.35 (1.1–1.6)** | 1.41 (1.0–1.8)* | 1.27 (0.9–1.6) | 0.93 (0.6–1.2) | 0.97 (0.5–1.4) | 1.10 (0.8–1.3) | 1.46 (1.0–1.9)** | 1.37 (0.9–1.9) |
Physical appearance discrimination frequency | 1.26 (1.0–1.5)** | 1.19 (1.0–1.4) | 1.16 (0.9–1.4) | 2.14 (1.3–3.0)*** | 1.86 (1.2–2.6)** | 1.44 (0.6–2.3) | 1.24 (0.9–1.5) | 1.34 (1.0–1.7)* | 1.22 (0.8–1.6) | 1.09 (0.9–1.3) | 1.20 (1.0–1.5) | 1.42 (1.0–1.9)* | 1.09 (0.8–1.3) | 0.97 (0.7–1.2) | 0.97 (0.7–1.2) | 1.27 (1.0–1.6)* | 1.33 (1.0–1.6)** | 1.57 (1.0–2.1)** |
Other discrimination frequency | 1.31 (1.1–1.5)** | 1.20 (1.0–1.4)* | 1.20 (0.9–1.5) | 1.60 (1.3–1.9)** | 1.59 (1.1–2.1)** | 2.70 (1.1–4.3)*** | 1.42 (1.0–1.8)* | 1.49 (1.0–2.0)* | 1.33 (0.7–1.9) | 1.17 (0.9–1.4) | 1.19 (0.9–1.4) | 1.37 (0.7–2.0) | 0.85 (0.5–1.2) | 0.83 (0.5–1.1) | 0.77 (0.4–1.1) | 1.07 (0.8–1.3) | 1.37 (1.0–1.7)* | 1.63 (1.0–2.2)** |
Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, family income, marital status, educational attainment, parental educational attainment, health insurance status, and annual doctor checkup. The “other discrimination” category includes discrimination based on sexual orientation, religion, occupation, etc. Sample sizes for the 6 waves were as follows: 2007 TAS: n = 90; 2009 TAS: n = 430; 2011 TAS: n = 735; 2013 TAS: n = 1031; 2015 TAS: n = 1267; 2017 TAS: n = 1834; total: N = 5377. —, insufficient data.
P < .05;
P < .01;
P < .001.