. | Includes . | Excludes . |
---|---|---|
Brief | Duration <1 min; typically 20–30 s | Duration ≥1 min |
Resolved | Patient returned to his or her baseline state of health after the event | At the time of medical evaluation: |
Normal vital signs | Fever or recent fever | |
Normal appearance | Tachypnea, bradypnea, apnea | |
Tachycardia or bradycardia | ||
Hypotension, hypertension, or hemodynamic instability | ||
Mental status changes, somnolence, lethargy | ||
Hypotonia or hypertonia | ||
Vomiting | ||
Bruising, petechiae, or other signs of injury/trauma | ||
Abnormal weight, growth, or head circumference | ||
Noisy breathing (stridor, sturgor, wheezing) | ||
Repeat event(s) | ||
Unexplained | Not explained by an identifiable medical condition | Event consistent with GER, swallow dysfunction, nasal congestion, etc |
History or physical examination concerning for child abuse, congenital airway abnormality, etc | ||
Event Characterization | ||
Cyanosis or pallor | Central cyanosis: blue or purple coloration of face, gums, trunk | Acrocyanosis or perioral cyanosis |
Central pallor: pale coloration of face or trunk | Rubor | |
Absent, decreased, or irregular breathing | Central apnea | Periodic breathing of the newborn |
Obstructive apnea | Breath-holding spell | |
Mixed obstructive apnea | ||
Marked change in tone (hyper- or hypotonia) | Hypertonia | Hypertonia associated with crying, choking, or gagging due to GER or feeding problems |
Hypotonia | Tone changes associated with breath-holding spell | |
Tonic eye deviation or nystagmus | ||
Tonic-clonic seizure activity | ||
Infantile spasms | ||
Altered responsiveness | Loss of consciousness | Loss of consciousness associated with breath-holding spell |
Mental status change | ||
Lethargy | ||
Somnolence | ||
Postictal phase |
. | Includes . | Excludes . |
---|---|---|
Brief | Duration <1 min; typically 20–30 s | Duration ≥1 min |
Resolved | Patient returned to his or her baseline state of health after the event | At the time of medical evaluation: |
Normal vital signs | Fever or recent fever | |
Normal appearance | Tachypnea, bradypnea, apnea | |
Tachycardia or bradycardia | ||
Hypotension, hypertension, or hemodynamic instability | ||
Mental status changes, somnolence, lethargy | ||
Hypotonia or hypertonia | ||
Vomiting | ||
Bruising, petechiae, or other signs of injury/trauma | ||
Abnormal weight, growth, or head circumference | ||
Noisy breathing (stridor, sturgor, wheezing) | ||
Repeat event(s) | ||
Unexplained | Not explained by an identifiable medical condition | Event consistent with GER, swallow dysfunction, nasal congestion, etc |
History or physical examination concerning for child abuse, congenital airway abnormality, etc | ||
Event Characterization | ||
Cyanosis or pallor | Central cyanosis: blue or purple coloration of face, gums, trunk | Acrocyanosis or perioral cyanosis |
Central pallor: pale coloration of face or trunk | Rubor | |
Absent, decreased, or irregular breathing | Central apnea | Periodic breathing of the newborn |
Obstructive apnea | Breath-holding spell | |
Mixed obstructive apnea | ||
Marked change in tone (hyper- or hypotonia) | Hypertonia | Hypertonia associated with crying, choking, or gagging due to GER or feeding problems |
Hypotonia | Tone changes associated with breath-holding spell | |
Tonic eye deviation or nystagmus | ||
Tonic-clonic seizure activity | ||
Infantile spasms | ||
Altered responsiveness | Loss of consciousness | Loss of consciousness associated with breath-holding spell |
Mental status change | ||
Lethargy | ||
Somnolence | ||
Postictal phase |