. | Total (N = 174) . | Transfemininea (n = 37) . | Transmasculineb (n = 137) . | Pc . | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n . | Weighted % . | n . | Weighted % . | n . | Weighted % . | ||
Age | .23 | ||||||
10–13 y | 54 | 31.0 | 14 | 40.6 | 40 | 28.7 | |
14–15 y | 120 | 69.0 | 23 | 59.4 | 97 | 71.3 | |
Ethnoracial backgroundd | .51 | ||||||
Indigenous | 34 | 18.8 | 4 | 10.7 | 30 | 20.7 | |
Non-Indigenous visible minoritye | 10 | 6.6 | 2 | 7.4 | 8 | 6.4 | |
Non-Indigenous white | 128 | 74.6 | 31 | 81.9 | 97 | 72.9 | |
Immigration background | .49 | ||||||
1 or more immigrant parent | 44 | 28.6 | 12 | 34.2 | 32 | 27.3 | |
No immigrant parents | 127 | 71.4 | 23 | 65.8 | 104 | 72.7 | |
Living environment | .08 | ||||||
City | 88 | 55.4 | 16 | 55.4 | 72 | 55.4 | |
Suburb | 59 | 33.7 | 11 | 23.8 | 48 | 36.0 | |
Rural | 27 | 10.9 | 10 | 20.8 | 17 | 8.6 | |
Province of residencef | .80g | ||||||
Alberta | 32 | 15.1 | 7 | 16.6 | 25 | 14.8 | |
British Columbia | 11 | 9.0 | 3 | 13.0 | 8 | 8.0 | |
Manitoba | 3 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 1.6 | |
Nova Scotia | 11 | 5.0 | 1 | 2.4 | 10 | 5.6 | |
Ontario | 96 | 58.7 | 21 | 55.4 | 75 | 59.5 | |
Prince Edward Island | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.6 | |
Quebec | 20 | 10.4 | 5 | 12.6 | 15 | 9.9 | |
Gender identity | <.001g | ||||||
Male or primarily a boy | 126 | 75.8 | 1 | 2.4 | 125 | 92.2 | |
Female or primarily a girl | 32 | 15.9 | 32 | 87.1 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Nonbinaryg | 14 | 8.3 | 3 | 10.5 | 11 | 7.8 | |
Time since first aware of gender issues | .76 | ||||||
<1 y | 3 | 1.7 | 1 | 3.1 | 2 | 1.4 | |
1 y | 22 | 12.7 | 5 | 18.9 | 17 | 11.3 | |
2 y | 29 | 17.4 | 5 | 17.8 | 24 | 17.3 | |
3-4 y | 62 | 38.4 | 11 | 30.9 | 51 | 40.1 | |
5+ y | 57 | 29.9 | 14 | 29.3 | 43 | 30.0 | |
Living in their identified gender | <.001h | ||||||
All the time | 146 | 84.0 | 24 | 58.1 | 122 | 90.1 | |
Some of the time | 24 | 15.2 | 11 | 37.8 | 13 | 9.9 | |
Not at all | 2 | 0.8 | 2 | 4.1 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Legal name changed | .79 | ||||||
Yes | 9 | 3.5 | 2 | 3.6 | 7 | 3.5 | |
In process | 21 | 13.6 | 4 | 10.2 | 17 | 14.4 | |
No | 143 | 82.9 | 31 | 86.2 | 112 | 82.1 | |
Changed birth certificate gender | .99 | ||||||
Yes | 12 | 5.4 | 3 | 5.4 | 9 | 5.4 | |
In process | 16 | 11.3 | 4 | 10.4 | 12 | 11.3 | |
No | 142 | 83.3 | 19 | 84.2 | 113 | 83.3 | |
Discussed gender, before clinici | |||||||
Family physician | 108 | 68.5 | 23 | 68.2 | 85 | 68.6 | .97 |
Pediatrician or adolescent medicine | 52 | 31.0 | 13 | 33.4 | 39 | 30.5 | .76 |
Endocrinologist | 10 | 4.6 | 3 | 7.2 | 7 | 3.9 | .38 |
Nurse practitioner | 5 | 3.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 4.4 | .59g |
Psychologist or psychiatrist | 82 | 45.6 | 18 | 46.2 | 64 | 45.4 | .94 |
Counselor, elder, religious leader | 81 | 46.5 | 17 | 50.7 | 64 | 45.6 | .62 |
Community group | 28 | 16.6 | 8 | 17.2 | 20 | 16.5 | .91 |
. | Total (N = 174) . | Transfemininea (n = 37) . | Transmasculineb (n = 137) . | Pc . | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n . | Weighted % . | n . | Weighted % . | n . | Weighted % . | ||
Age | .23 | ||||||
10–13 y | 54 | 31.0 | 14 | 40.6 | 40 | 28.7 | |
14–15 y | 120 | 69.0 | 23 | 59.4 | 97 | 71.3 | |
Ethnoracial backgroundd | .51 | ||||||
Indigenous | 34 | 18.8 | 4 | 10.7 | 30 | 20.7 | |
Non-Indigenous visible minoritye | 10 | 6.6 | 2 | 7.4 | 8 | 6.4 | |
Non-Indigenous white | 128 | 74.6 | 31 | 81.9 | 97 | 72.9 | |
Immigration background | .49 | ||||||
1 or more immigrant parent | 44 | 28.6 | 12 | 34.2 | 32 | 27.3 | |
No immigrant parents | 127 | 71.4 | 23 | 65.8 | 104 | 72.7 | |
Living environment | .08 | ||||||
City | 88 | 55.4 | 16 | 55.4 | 72 | 55.4 | |
Suburb | 59 | 33.7 | 11 | 23.8 | 48 | 36.0 | |
Rural | 27 | 10.9 | 10 | 20.8 | 17 | 8.6 | |
Province of residencef | .80g | ||||||
Alberta | 32 | 15.1 | 7 | 16.6 | 25 | 14.8 | |
British Columbia | 11 | 9.0 | 3 | 13.0 | 8 | 8.0 | |
Manitoba | 3 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 1.6 | |
Nova Scotia | 11 | 5.0 | 1 | 2.4 | 10 | 5.6 | |
Ontario | 96 | 58.7 | 21 | 55.4 | 75 | 59.5 | |
Prince Edward Island | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.6 | |
Quebec | 20 | 10.4 | 5 | 12.6 | 15 | 9.9 | |
Gender identity | <.001g | ||||||
Male or primarily a boy | 126 | 75.8 | 1 | 2.4 | 125 | 92.2 | |
Female or primarily a girl | 32 | 15.9 | 32 | 87.1 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Nonbinaryg | 14 | 8.3 | 3 | 10.5 | 11 | 7.8 | |
Time since first aware of gender issues | .76 | ||||||
<1 y | 3 | 1.7 | 1 | 3.1 | 2 | 1.4 | |
1 y | 22 | 12.7 | 5 | 18.9 | 17 | 11.3 | |
2 y | 29 | 17.4 | 5 | 17.8 | 24 | 17.3 | |
3-4 y | 62 | 38.4 | 11 | 30.9 | 51 | 40.1 | |
5+ y | 57 | 29.9 | 14 | 29.3 | 43 | 30.0 | |
Living in their identified gender | <.001h | ||||||
All the time | 146 | 84.0 | 24 | 58.1 | 122 | 90.1 | |
Some of the time | 24 | 15.2 | 11 | 37.8 | 13 | 9.9 | |
Not at all | 2 | 0.8 | 2 | 4.1 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Legal name changed | .79 | ||||||
Yes | 9 | 3.5 | 2 | 3.6 | 7 | 3.5 | |
In process | 21 | 13.6 | 4 | 10.2 | 17 | 14.4 | |
No | 143 | 82.9 | 31 | 86.2 | 112 | 82.1 | |
Changed birth certificate gender | .99 | ||||||
Yes | 12 | 5.4 | 3 | 5.4 | 9 | 5.4 | |
In process | 16 | 11.3 | 4 | 10.4 | 12 | 11.3 | |
No | 142 | 83.3 | 19 | 84.2 | 113 | 83.3 | |
Discussed gender, before clinici | |||||||
Family physician | 108 | 68.5 | 23 | 68.2 | 85 | 68.6 | .97 |
Pediatrician or adolescent medicine | 52 | 31.0 | 13 | 33.4 | 39 | 30.5 | .76 |
Endocrinologist | 10 | 4.6 | 3 | 7.2 | 7 | 3.9 | .38 |
Nurse practitioner | 5 | 3.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 4.4 | .59g |
Psychologist or psychiatrist | 82 | 45.6 | 18 | 46.2 | 64 | 45.4 | .94 |
Counselor, elder, religious leader | 81 | 46.5 | 17 | 50.7 | 64 | 45.6 | .62 |
Community group | 28 | 16.6 | 8 | 17.2 | 20 | 16.5 | .91 |
Includes those assigned male at birth and who identify as girls or a nonbinary identity.
Includes those assigned female at birth and who identify as boys or a nonbinary identity.
Unless otherwise specified, P values are for differences between transfeminine and transmasculine patients, using Rao-Scott χ2 tests on weighted data.
Coded to match Statistics Canada categories of Indigenous, visible minority, and white. Non-white, Non-Indigenous ethnoracial backgrounds were indicated by the following numbers of participants: 7 Black Canadian or African-American, 2 Black African, 4 Latin American, 4 East Asian, 1 Indo-Caribbean, 4 Black Caribbean, 2 Middle Eastern, and 1 Southeast Asian (participants could indicate more than one).
The Canadian government defines visible minorities as “persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.”82
No participants were from other provinces or territories.
Response option was “non-binary or something other than male or female.”
Unable to produce valid χ2 tests due to expected cell counts <5. Fisher exact tests for unweighted data substituted.
Most clinics also require youth to meet in-clinic with other providers (eg, psychologist or psychiatrist) before referral for hormones, and these providers are likely not included in these numbers. Data are derived from parent report (n = 160 biological, step, foster, or other parent type).